Icyuma ni igice gishyigikira igiti mu mashini, kandi igiti gishobora kuzunguruka ku cyuma. Ubushinwa nikimwe mubihugu byambere kwisi byahimbye ibyuma bizunguruka. Mu bitabo bya kera by'Abashinwa, imiterere y’imitambiko yanditswemo kuva kera. "
Amateka yiterambere rya Bearing mubushinwa
Imyaka ibihumbi umunani irashize, ububumbyi bwibiziga buhoro byagaragaye mubushinwa
Uruziga rw'umubumbyi ni disiki ifite uruziga rugororotse. Ibumba rivanze cyangwa ibumba rike rishyirwa hagati yiziga kugirango uruziga ruhinduke, mugihe ibumba rikozwe nintoki cyangwa risizwe nigikoresho. Uruziga rwibumba kumuvuduko wacyo rugabanijwemo uruziga rwihuta ninziga itinda, byanze bikunze, uruziga rwihuta rwatejwe imbere rushingiye ku ruziga ruto. Dukurikije inyandiko za kera zubucukuzi, uruziga ruto rwavutse, cyangwa rwahindutse, hashize imyaka 8000. Muri Werurwe 2010, ikibanza cy’ibibumbano cy’ibiti cyabonetse ahantu h'umuco wa Quahuqiao, byagaragaje ko ikoranabuhanga ry’ibiziga mu Bushinwa ryabaye mu myaka irenga 2000 mbere ugereranije no muri Aziya y’iburengerazuba. Nukuvuga ko Ubushinwa bwatangiye gukoresha ibyuma, cyangwa ihame ryo gukoresha ibyuma, mbere ya Aziya yuburengerazuba.
Uruziga rwibiti rwibiti rumeze nkurubuga rwa trapezoidal, kandi hariho silinderi ntoya yazamuye hagati ya platifomu, akaba ari uruziga rwibiziga. Niba impinduramatwara ikozwe igashyirwa kumurongo wibiti byibiti, uruziga rwuzuye rusubirwamo. Uruziga rw'umubumbyi rumaze gukorwa, urusoro rutose rushyirwa ku isahani izenguruka kandi igahuzwa neza. Isahani izunguruka izunguruka ukuboko kumwe kandi umubiri wapine ugomba gusanwa uhuzwa ninkwi, amagufwa cyangwa ibikoresho byamabuye ukundi kuboko. Nyuma yo kuzunguruka kwinshi, icyifuzo cyumuzingi cyifuzwa gishobora gusigara kumubiri. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, impinduka zirimo hano, kandi hariho igiti cyo gushyigikira, aricyo prototype yo gutwara.
Imiterere y'uruziga rw'ibumba rwerekanwe ku gishushanyo gikurikira:
Ifoto iri hepfo ni ukugarura uruziga rwihuta, rushingiye ku ruziga rwihuta mu ngoma ya tang. Igomba kuba yateye imbere cyane kuruta uruziga rwihuta rwambere, ariko ihame rikomeza kuba rimwe, usibye ko ibikoresho byahinduwe kuva mubiti bigahinduka icyuma.
Ifoto iri hepfo ni ukugarura uruziga rwihuta, rushingiye ku ruziga rwihuta mu ngoma ya tang. Igomba kuba yateye imbere cyane kuruta uruziga rwihuta rwambere, ariko ihame rikomeza kuba rimwe, usibye ko ibikoresho byahinduwe kuva mubiti bigahinduka icyuma.
Igihe cya Regulus, umugani wimodoka
Igitabo cyindirimbo cyandika amavuta yo kwisiga
Gusiga amavuta byanditswe mu gitabo cy'indirimbo ahagana mu 1100-600 mbere ya Yesu. Kugaragara kwimyambarire isanzwe byerekanaga ko hakenewe amavuta cyangwa biteza imbere iterambere rya tribologiya. Ubu birazwi ko gusiga amavuta bikunze gukoreshwa mumodoka ya kera, ariko kugaragara kwamavuta ntigaragara cyane kuruta kugaragara kwimodoka. Kubwibyo, biragoye cyane kuganira neza mugihe cyo kugaragara kwamavuta. Binyuze mu gushakisha no gushakisha ibikoresho, inyandiko za mbere zerekeye gusiga ziboneka mu gitabo cyindirimbo. Igitabo cyindirimbo nicyegeranyo cyambere cyimivugo mubushinwa. Kubwibyo, igisigo cyaturutse ku ngoma ya mbere ya Zhou kugeza mu mpeshyi yo hagati no mu gihe cyizuba, ni ukuvuga kuva mu kinyejana cya 11 mbere ya Yesu kugeza mu kinyejana cya 6 mbere ya Yesu. Mu gusobanura ifuni ya "fen isoko" yigitabo cyindirimbo, ifuni y "ibinure nifuni, kumurongo wa" T "kandi" nta kibi "isobanurwa nk" urufunguzo rwanyuma "mu bihe bya kera. Byakoreshejwe mumodoka za kera, bihwanye nibyo twita pin, binyuze mumutwe wacyo, birashobora kuba uruziga "kugenzura" bizima, kuburyo uruziga rwimodoka rwashizweho kandi "amavuta" birumvikana ko ari amavuta, "garuka"; ni ugutaha, "mai" irihuta. Hamwe namavuta, amavuta ya axle, kumpera ya shaft, reba pin, utware urugendo rurerure, unyohereze murugo wihuta ah! .
Ingoma ya Qin na Han ifite imiterere yo gusama
Kubera ingoma ya zhou, qin, han ku bijyanye no guhanga ikoranabuhanga no gushyira mu bikorwa imyitozo, kuri bimwe mu byanditswe by’umuco byingenzi muri qin n’ingoma ya han, byanditswe kandi akenshi bikoreshwa birimo inyandiko zisobanutse, zikuze zivuga ku magambo yihariye, imwe mu zisanzwe "axis" "amazi-analogy-simulation" "jian" n'andi magambo kimwe na "axis" hamwe no ku nshinga nyamukuru (reba ven jie zi "). Imvugo yikiyapani igezweho kubyerekeranye iracyafite "ingaruka". Muri xiaozhuan inyuguti zingoma ya Qin, hariho axis, imikorere, mace nizindi nyuguti ibiziga, "kuzungura" kandi yakira uruziga, icyuma kuri "gihimbano" hamwe nicyuma kumurongo wa "mace", biragaragara ko igitekerezo cyumuco nuburyo bwo kwandika byashyizweho mubwami bwa Qin na Han.
Ingoma ya Yuan yoroheje ibikoresho byakoreshejwe tekinoroji yo kuzunguruka
Igikoresho cyoroheje ukoresheje silindrike yo kuzunguruka tekinike yo gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje biva mubikoresho bya armillary. Imetero yintwaro namakuru yo kwitegereza ikirere. Ibigize metero yintwaro irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bifasha nibice byimuka. Ibice byunganira birimo umusingi wamazi, inkingi yikiyoka, tian Jing impeta ebyiri, impeta imwe ya ekwatoriya, hamwe na centre yamazi tian zhu, nibindi. Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana neza ibice byingenzi bifasha kandi bishushanya mubice byintwaro.
Ihuriro ry’iburengerazuba ry’ingoma ya nyuma y’ingoma ya Qing ryagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’inganda z’imashini z’Ubushinwa, kandi n’inganda zagize ingaruka. Ukuboza 2002, itsinda ry’iperereza ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’Abashinwa ryagiye mu Burayi maze basangamo ibicuruzwa by’ingoma y’Abashinwa mu ngoma ya SKF yaberaga muri Suwede. Uru ni urutonde rwibikoresho. Impeta, amakariso hamwe nizunguruka birasa cyane nuburyo bugezweho. Dukurikije ibisobanuro by’ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa ni "ibicuruzwa bizunguruka mu Bushinwa mu kinyejana cya 19."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-22-2022