Ukuqina nokuqina

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufanisa ububanzi obungaphakathi obuthwele nge-shaft kanye nobubanzi bangaphandle ngezindlu lapho kufakwa ukuthwala. Uma ukulingana kuxega kakhulu, indawo yokukhwelana izokhiqiza ukushelela okuhlobene, okubizwa ngokuthi i-creep. Uma ukukhasa sekwenzekile, kuzoguga indawo yokukhwelana, kulimaze i-shaft noma indlu, futhi i-powder egugile izohlasela i-bearing, ibangele ukushisa, ukudlidliza nokulimala. Ukuphazamiseka okudlulele kuzoholela kububanzi obuncane obungaphandle bendandatho yangaphandle noma ububanzi obukhudlwana bangaphakathi beringi yangaphakathi, okuzonciphisa ukuvunyelwa kwangaphakathi kwebheringi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kwejometri ye-shaft kanye nokucubungula igobolondo kuzophinde kuthinte ukunemba kwangempela kwendandatho yokuthwala, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kokuthwala.

1.1 Ukukhethwa kwe-Fit 1.1.1 Uhlobo lomthwalo kanye nokukhethwa kokulingana kunqunywa ngokuya ngesiqondiso somthwalo othwele kanye nesimo sokuzungezisa amaringi angaphakathi nangaphandle, ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuThebula 1. Ithebula 1 kanye nezimo eziphethe umthwalo ojikelezayo imidwebo eneringi yangaphakathi: ukuphenduka okungekuhle: isiqondiso somthwalo omile: isiyingi somthwalo omile ojikelezayo wangaphakathi ozungezayo we-US lingana (ukungena kokuphazanyiswa) iringi yangaphandle: indandatho etholakalayo egijimayo (i-clearance) iringi yangaphakathi: indilinga enegethivu emile: isiqondiso sokuzungezisa somthwalo, kanye nendandatho yangaphandle yokulayisha nokuphotha iringi yangaphakathi: ukujika okunegethivu: ukuqondiswa komthwalo omile: indandatho yangaphakathi emile yokulayisha indandatho emile yangaphakathi, indandatho yangaphandle yokuphotha umthwalo otholakalayo ukulingana okusebenzayo (ukususwa) iringi yangaphandle yokufaneleka: I-USES: ukuzungeza: ukuzungeza: isiqondiso: nendandatho yangaphakathi ejikeleza ngesikhathi esifanayo. 2) Ukulingana okunconyiwe Ukukhetha ukulingana okufanele, izici zomthwalo othwalayo, usayizi, izimo zokushisa, ukufakwa kokuthwala, ukususwa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Uma i-bearing igibele igobolondo elinezindonga ezincane kanye ne-hollow shaft, inani lokuphazanyiswa lidinga ukuba likhulu kunelejwayelekile. Igobolondo elihlukanisiwe lingakhubaza kalula iringi yangaphandle yebheringi, ngakho-ke iringi yangaphandle kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuxhumanisa okumile. Esimeni sokudlidliza okukhulu, iringi yangaphakathi neringi yangaphandle kufanele kusebenze ukuxhumana okunganyakazi.

Sebenzisana nesincomo esijwayelekile, bheka ithebula lesi-2, ithebula lesi-3 2 elinophawu olumaphakathi kanye ne-shaft enezimo ezisebenzayo (inkomba) ububanzi be-axle (mm) i-spherical roller ephethe amazwibela amabhola amabhere angama-cylindrical roller ama-taper roller bearings automatic self-aligning roller ephethe i-cylindrical roller edingekayo ku-left shaft kulula ukuhambisa amasondo e-axle emile zonke izidingo zokunemba zikasayizi we-g6, Nge-g5, h5, ukuthwala nokwenza lula iselula edingekayo i-h6 iyatholakala futhi ngaphandle kwendandatho yangaphakathi kulula ukuhambisa isondo le-shaft tension h6 indandatho yangaphakathi yokuphotha ifreyimu, intambo eyindilinga noma isiqondiso somthwalo oguquguqukayo ngaphansi komthwalo okhanyayo 0.06 Cr (1) ukuhluka komshini wokulayisha, umshini wokulayisha weloli, uhlelo lokusebenza 18 -- Js5 ukunemba uma kudingwa ileveli ye-p5, ububanzi bangaphakathi kusetshenziswa ibhola elinembayo elingaphansi kuka-18 mm h5. Umthwalo ojwayelekile (0.06~0.13) I-Cr (1) Ingxenye ephethe ingxenye ye-turbine yenjini ephakathi nendawo nenkulu, iphampu, injini yokuphotha, idivayisi yokuhambisa igiya, imishini yokusebenza ngokhuni engaphansi kuka-18 -- amabheringi angama-N6 anomugqa owodwa anamasondo kanye nama-radial thrust amabhola anomugqa owodwa angasetshenziswa i-k6, M6 esikhundleni se-K5, M5. P6 140-200 40-65 R6 200-280 100-140 N6 -- 200-400 140-280 P6 -- 280-500 R6 -- Ngaphezulu kuka-500 R7 umthwalo osindayo (ngaphezu kuka-0.13Cr (1)) umnikazi wemoto kagesi wokwakha izimoto zikagesi - umnikazi wemoto yezimboni 50-140 50-100 N6 Isidingo sikhulu ukwedlula imvume yokuthwala - p6, 140-200, 100-140 - ngaphezu kwama-200, 140-200 r6 -- 200-500 r7 kuphela thwala umthwalo we-axial wezingxenye zesakhiwo esinesakhiwo esinesakhiwo esine-jripetal indawo 6 yonke indawo ye-jripetal izimo zembobo yegobolondo izimo ezisebenzayo (inkomba) ukunyakaza kwebanga lebanga lendandatho yokubekezelela imbobo yendandatho yangaphandle imbobo yegobolondo udonga oluphethe indandatho yangaphandle ephothayo umthwalo osindayo wamasondo amasondo amabhilidi amasondo (crane) isondo lokuhamba lomgwaqo P7 indandatho yangaphandle ukuya ohlangothini lwe-axial.

Umthwalo ojwayelekile, isondo lemoto elisindayo (amabhodi amabhola) shaker N7 umthwalo okhanyayo noma ukushintsha isondo lokuhambisa ibhande lokudonsa isondo, i-pulley M7 hhayi inqwaba yomthwalo oqondisayo umthwalo omkhulu womthwalo wetroli noma umthwalo omncane wepompo ye-crankshaft spindle enkulu ye-motor K7 indandatho yangaphandle ngokomgomo hhayi ekuqondeni kwe-axial yendandatho yangaphandle ayidingi ukuqondiswa kohlobo lwegobolondo olujwayelekile noma uhlobo olujwayelekile lwegobolondo. ukulayisha i-JS7 (J7) indandatho yangaphandle izokwazi ukuhanjiswa kwendandatho yangaphandle ye-axial iye ohlangothini lwe-axial lomthwalo ojikelezayo wendandatho yangaphakathi yazo zonke izinhlobo zomthwalo ophethe ingxenye yebhokisi elithwalayo elijwayelekile lemoto kaloliwe i-H7 indandatho yangaphandle iye ohlangothini lwe-axial kalula - umthwalo ovamile noma umthwalo omncane uhlela ukungenisa ku-shaft yegobolondo kanye nomthwalo othwala umthwalo onzima we-G 7 wokushisa okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi i-G7 yokushisa eyindilinga ekwenzeni ukukhanya okujwayelekile. ukujikeleza kokuphotha ngemuva kwebhola okune-high-speed centrifugal compressor ohlangothini olungaguquki oluveza i-JS6 (J6) indandatho yangaphandle eya ohlangothini lwe-axial - engaqondisiwe umthwalo wesiqondiso ngemuva kwebhola eliphethe ukugaya i-spindle high-speed centrifugal compressor K6 ohlangothini olugxilile oluveza indandatho yangaphandle enendandatho yangaphandle ye-K, ehambisana nenani lomthwalo we-axial. izidingo ezikhethekile ngaphansi kwesimo sokunemba okuphezulu, Ukulinganisa okuncane okuvumelekile kufanele kuphinde kusetshenziswe injongo ngayinye.

Umthwalo wokuphotha wendandatho yangaphakathi ohlukanisiwe, ikakhulukazi udinga ukujikeleza okunembayo kanye nokuqina okukhulu kwethuluzi lokuphotha lomshini eline-M6 noma i-N6 cylindrical roller enendandatho yangaphandle egxilwe endaweni ye-axial yezinto zikagesi zasendlini ezingenamsindo i-H6 indandatho yangaphandle ukuya kusiqondiso se-axial - 3), ukunemba kwe-eksisi, i-hood engeyona into enhle, i-axi esezingeni elifanele, ukunemba kwe-axis, ukunemba kwe-axis, ukunemba kwe-axis, i-hood, i-hood kanye ne-axial. ethintwe ukungakwazi kwayo ukubonisa ukusebenza okudingekayo. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwengxenye yehlombe uma ukunemba kungalungile, izindandatho zangaphakathi nangaphandle zizothambekela. Ngaphezu komthwalo othwalayo, kuhlanganiswe nomthwalo ogxilile ekugcineni, ukuphila kokukhathala okuthwalayo kuzoncishiswa, futhi ngokungathí sina, kuyoba imbangela yokulimala kwekheji kanye ne-sintering. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-deformation yegobolondo ngenxa yomthwalo wangaphandle ayinkulu. Kuyadingeka ukusekela ngokugcwele ukuqina kokuthwala. Ukuphakama kokuqina, kuba ngcono umsindo nokusatshalaliswa komthwalo wokuthwala.

Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, ukuguqulwa komshini wokuguqula noma ukucubungula umshini wokunemba kungaba. Kodwa-ke, ezikhathini ezinezidingo eziqinile zokuphela kokujikeleza nomsindo nezimo zomthwalo zinzima kakhulu, ukugaya kokugcina kuzosetshenziswa. Lapho ama-bearings angaphezu kwama-2 ehlelwe kuyo yonke indlu, izindawo zokukhwelana zezindlu kufanele zakhelwe ukuthi zenziwe ngomshini futhi zimbozwe. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, i-shaft, ukunemba kwezindlu kanye nokuqedwa kungaba njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula lesi-4 ngezansi. Ithebula 4 i-eksisi kanye nokunemba kwezindlu kanye nokuqeda ama-bearings - ukubekezelelana kwe-roundedness ye-Class AXIS - ikilasi 0, isigaba 6, isigaba 5, Ikilasi 4 IT3 ~ IT42 2IT3 ~ IT42 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT2 ~ IT42 2 Cylindricity 0, ikilasi 3 ikilasi IT 2 ikilasi 4 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 Ukubekezelela ukuphuma kwamahlombe - isigaba 0, isigaba 6, isigaba 5, isigaba 4 IT3IT3 IT3~IT4IT3 Isiphetho sendawo ehambelanayo Rmax encane ethwele i-bearing enkulu 3.2 S6.3s 6.3 S12.5s.

Okubizwa ngokuthi imvume yangaphakathi ye-bearing ibhekisela kumthamo wokunyakaza lapho indandatho yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle ye-bearing ilungiswa ngaphambi kokuba i-bearing ifakwe ku-shaft noma ibhokisi lokuthwala, bese uhlangothi olungaguquki luhanjiswa ngendlela ye-radial noma i-axial. Ngokwesiqondiso sokunyakaza, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-radial clearance kanye ne-axial clearance. Lapho ukala imvume yangaphakathi yebheringi, ukuze kugcinwe inani elilinganisiwe lizinzile, umthwalo wokuhlola ngokuvamile usetshenziswa eringini. Ngakho-ke, inani lokuhlola likhulu kunenani langempela lokuvunyelwa, okungukuthi, inani elengeziwe le-elastic deformation elibangelwa ukusebenzisa umthwalo wokuhlola. Inani langempela lokuthwala imvume yangaphakathi ikhonjiswe kuThebula 4.5. Ukwanda kokuvunyelwa okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic okungenhla kuyalungiswa. I-deformation elastic of roller bearings ayinaki. Ithebula 4.5 ukuze kuqedwe umthelela wokulungiswa komthwalo wokuhlolwa kwe-radial clearance (i-deep groove ball bearing) amayunithi: um imodeli enesisekelo esilinganiselwe ububanzi d (mm) (N) ukulungiswa komthwalo wokuhlolwa kokuvunyelwa ngaphezu kwe-C2 C3 C4 C510 evamile (kuhlanganise) 18 24.549 147 3 ~ 4 6 4 8 8 4 Ephreli 9 8 6 92.2 ukukhethwa kwe-bearing clear bearing clearance, ngenxa yokulingana kanye nomehluko wezinga lokushisa ngezizathu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ngokuvamile zincane kunemvume yokuqala. Imvume yokusebenza ihlobene eduze nempilo yokuthwala, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza nomsindo, ngakho-ke kufanele isethelwe esimweni esifanele.

Uma sikhuluma ngokwethiyori, lapho i-bearing isebenza, nemvume yokugijima engalungile, impilo yokuthwala iphezulu. Kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukugcina le mvume elungile. Ngokushintsha kwezimo zesevisi, ukucaciswa okungalungile kokuthwala kuzokhula ngokuhambisanayo, okuzoholela ekwehleni okuphawulekayo kokuphila kokuthwala noma isizukulwane sokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukucaciswa kokuqala kwe-bheri ngokuvamile kuhlelwa ukuthi kube kukhulu kunoziro. I-FIG. 2 Ukwehluka kwe-bearing radial clearance 2.3 Imibandela yokukhetha ye-Bearing clearance Ngokwethiyori, ukuphila kokuthwala kuyenziwa kube nkulu uma kukhona imvume yokusebenza engemihle kancane ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziphephile. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina lesi simo esihle kakhulu. Uma izimo ezithile zesevisi zishintsha, imvume engalungile izokwanda, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kokuthwala impilo noma ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho imvume yokuqala ivame ukukhethwa, imvume yokusebenza idingeka ibe nkulu kancane kunoziro.

Ukuze uthole ama-bearings ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukuhlanganiswa kwemithwalo evamile kuzokwamukelwa. Lapho isivinini kanye nezinga lokushisa kuvamile, imvume evamile ehambisanayo kufanele ikhethwe ukuze kutholwe imvume yokusebenza efanele. Ithebula 6 imvume evamile ngokwesibonelo kusetshenziswa izimo ezisebenzayo imvume yesenzakalo ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo, umthwalo onomthelela, ukuphazamiseka nenani elikhulu le-asi yesitimela i-C3 isikrini esidlidlizayo i-C3 ne-C4 ayikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo oqonde ngqo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendingilizi ye-C4 ugandaganda ithatha i-static enemoto kaloliwe edonsayo, i- reducer noma i-C4 ethwele indandatho yangaphakathi yomshini wokushisa we-Crotational, i-4 millb 3 yokunciphisa i-Crotational vibration kanye ne-kur. umsindo wokulungiswa kokucaciswa kwe-micro-motor C2 nokulawula ukudlidliza kwe-shaft NTN spindle (i-double rowu eyi-cylindrical roller bearing) C9NA, C0NA.