Ukuqina nokuqina

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufanisa ububanzi obungaphakathi obuthwele nge-shaft kanye nobubanzi bangaphandle ngezindlu lapho kufakwa ukuthwala. Uma ukulingana kuxega kakhulu, indawo yokukhwelana izokhiqiza ukushelela okuhlobene, okubizwa ngokuthi i-creep. Uma ukukhasa sekwenzekile, kuzoguga indawo yokukhwelana, kulimaze i-shaft noma indlu, futhi i-powder egugile izohlasela i-bearing, ibangele ukushisa, ukudlidliza nokulimala. Ukuphazamiseka okudlulele kuzoholela kububanzi obuncane obungaphandle bendandatho yangaphandle noma ububanzi obukhudlwana bangaphakathi beringi yangaphakathi, okuzonciphisa ukuvunyelwa kwangaphakathi kwebheringi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kwejometri ye-shaft kanye nokucubungula igobolondo kuzophinde kuthinte ukunemba kwangempela kwendandatho yokuthwala, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kokuthwala.

1.1 Ukukhethwa kwe-Fit 1.1.1 Ubunjalo bomthwalo kanye nokukhethwa kokulingana kunqunywa ngokuya kwendlela yokuthwala umthwalo kanye nesimo sokuzungezisa amaringi angaphakathi nangaphandle, ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuThebula 1. Ithebula 1 nemifanekiso yezimo eziphethe umthwalo ozungezayo. enendandatho yangaphakathi: ukuphenduka okunegegethivu: isiqondiso somthwalo omile: indandatho egxilile yangaphakathi ephothayo umthwalo oyindilinga yangaphakathi, indandatho yangaphandle umthwalo omile ISEBENZISA ukulingana kokuphazamiseka (ukulingana kokuphazamiseka) iringi yangaphandle: ukugijima okutholakalayo okufanelekile (ukusula) indandatho yangaphakathi: indandatho yendilinga emile: isiqondiso sokuzungezisa yomthwalo, kanye nendandatho yangaphandle kanye nendandatho ephothayo yangaphakathi: ukuphenduka okunegegethivu: ukuqondiswa komthwalo omile: indandatho yangaphakathi engaguquki indandatho yangaphakathi emile indandatho yangaphakathi, indandatho yangaphandle ephothayo etholakalayo etholakalayo esebenzayo (i-clearance) iringi yangaphandle: ISEBENZISA ukulingana kokuphazamiseka (ukufaneleka kokuphazamiseka) kwangaphakathi. indandatho: indilinga enegethivu emile: isiqondiso somthwalo ojikelezayo: nendandatho yangaphakathi ejikeleza ngesikhathi esifanayo. 2) Ukulingana okunconyiwe Ukukhetha ukulingana okufanele, izici zomthwalo othwalayo, usayizi, izimo zokushisa, ukufakwa kokuthwala, ukususwa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Uma i-bearing igibele igobolondo elinezindonga ezincane kanye ne-hollow shaft, inani lokuphazanyiswa lidinga ukuba likhulu kunelejwayelekile. Igobolondo elihlukanisiwe lingakhubaza kalula iringi yangaphandle yebheringi, ngakho-ke iringi yangaphandle kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuxhumanisa okumile. Esimeni sokudlidliza okukhulu, iringi yangaphakathi neringi yangaphandle kufanele kusebenze ukuxhumana okunganyakazi.

Sebenzisana nesincomo esijwayelekile, bheka ithebula lesi-2, ithebula lesi-3 2 elinophawu oluphakathi nendawo kanye ne-shaft enezimo ezisetshenziswayo (inkomba) ububanzi be-axle (mm) i-roller eyindilinga ephethe amazwibela amabhola ama-cylindrical roller bearings taper roller bearings self- ukuqondisa i-roller ephethe imbobo eyi-cylindrical enendandatho yangaphandle kanye nomthwalo wokuzungezisa ku-shaft udinga iringi yangaphakathi ku-shaft kulula ukuhambisa amasondo e-axle amile zonke izidingo zokunemba zikasayizi we-g6, Nge-g5, h5, ethwala futhi yenza lula iselula edingekayo i-h6 nayo iyatholakala ngaphandle kwendandatho yangaphakathi kulula ukuhambisa isondo le-shaft tension h6 uhlaka lokuphotha indandatho yangaphakathi, intambo eyindilinga noma isiqondiso somthwalo oguquguqukayo ngaphansi komthwalo omncane 0.06 Cr (1) ukulayisha impahla ehlukahlukene yomthwalo, iphampu, i-blower, iloli, imishini enembayo, ithuluzi lomshini elingaphansi kuka-18 -- Js5 ukunemba lapho kudingwa ileveli ye-p5, ububanzi bangaphakathi kusetshenziswa ibhola elinemba elingaphansi kuka-18 mm h5. Umthwalo ojwayelekile (0.06~0.13) I-Cr (1) Ingxenye ephethe ingxenye ye-turbine yenjini ephakathi nendawo nenkulu, iphampu, injini yokuphotha, idivayisi yokuhambisa igiya, imishini yokusebenza ngokhuni engaphansi kwe-18 -- amabherengi amarola anerowu eyodwa ye-N6 kanye nebhola eliwumugqa owodwa ama-bearings angasetshenziswa i-k6, i-M6 esikhundleni se-K5, i-M5. P6 140-200 40-65 R6 200-280 100-140 N6 -- 200-400 140-280 P6 -- 280-500 R6 -- Ngaphezulu kuka-500 R7 umthwalo osindayo (ngaphezu kuka-0.13Cr (1)) ujantshi wezimoto zikagesi nezimboni abanikazi bezimoto umshini wokwakha umshini kagesi we-crusher -- 50-140 50-100 N6 Isidingo sikhulu kunokukhishwa kwe-bearing - p6, 140-200, 100-140 - ngaphezu kuka-200, 140-200 r6 -- 200-500 r7 thwala kuphela i-axial load yezingxenye zesakhiwo esiphethe indawo yokusetshenziswa zonke izilinganiso Js6 (j6) - ithebula 3 eliphethe i-centripetal elinezimo zembobo yegobolondo izimo ezisebenzayo (inkomba) ukunyakaza kwebanga lebanga lokubekezelela imbobo yendandatho yangaphandle inothi imbobo yegobolondo eliphelele eliphethe ukuphotha kwangaphandle layisha umsebenzi osindayo wamasondo amasondo amasondo (crane) isondo lomgwaqo elihambayo P7 indandatho yangaphandle iye ohlangothini lwe-axial.

Umthwalo ojwayelekile, isondo lemoto elisindayo (ama-ball bearings) shaker i-N7 light load noma ukushintsha isondo lokuhambisa ibhande elicindezelayo, i-pulley M7 akuwona umthwalo oqondisayo umthwalo omkhulu we-trolley umthwalo noma umthwalo omncane wephampu crankshaft spindle injini enkulu K7 iringi yangaphandle Isimiso sokungayanga ohlangothini lwe-axial lwendandatho yangaphandle ayidingi imbobo yegobolondo yohlobo lwe-axial noma uhlobo lokuhlukanisa imbobo yomthwalo ovamile noma umthwalo okhanyayo JS7 (J7) indandatho yangaphandle izokwazi ukuhanjiswa ku-axial edingekayo indandatho yangaphandle Ukuqondiswa kwe-axial komthwalo ojikelezayo wendandatho yangaphakathi yazo zonke izinhlobo zomthwalo ophethe ingxenye yebhokisi elithwalayo elijwayelekile lemoto kaloliwe i-H7 indandatho yangaphandle iye endaweni ye-axial kalula - umthwalo ovamile noma umthwalo olula uhlela ukuletha ku-shell shaft nokuthwala indilinga yonke ye-H8 kumthwalo ojwayelekile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lephepha elenza umshini wokomisa umthwalo okhanyayo we-G7, ikakhulukazi udinga ukunemba kokugaya ukujikeleza kokuphotha ngemuva kwebhola eliphethe i-high-speed centrifugal compressor ohlangothini olungaguquki oluhambisana ne-JS6 (J6) indandatho yangaphandle eya ohlangothini lwe-axial - engaqondisiwe umthwalo wesiqondiso ngemuva. yebhola eliphethe ukugaya i-spindle high-speed centrifugal compressor K6 ohlangothini olungaguquki oluthwele indandatho yangaphandle engaguquki ekuqondeni kwe-axial yomthwalo ngokomthetho, esebenza enanini lokuphazamiseka okukhulu kuno-K, izidingo ezikhethekile ngaphansi kwesimo sokunemba okuphezulu, Okuncane okuvumelekile izilinganiso kufanele ziphinde zisetshenziselwe inhloso ngayinye.

Umthwalo wokuphotha wendandatho yangaphakathi oshintshashintshayo, ikakhulukazi udinga ukujikeleza okunembayo kanye nokuqina okukhulu kwethuluzi lokuphotha lomshini eline-M6 noma i-N6 cylindrical roller enendandatho yangaphandle egxilwe endaweni ye-axial yezinto zikagesi zasendlini ezingenamsindo i-H6 iringi yangaphandle ukuya ohlangothini lwe-axial - 3), ukunemba ye-eksisi, ihood, kanye ne-axis yobude obungaphezulu, ukunemba kwehood akusona isimo esihle, esithintekayo akukwazi ukubonisa ukusebenza okudingekayo. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwengxenye yehlombe uma ukunemba kungalungile, izindandatho zangaphakathi nangaphandle zizothambekela. Ngaphezu komthwalo othwalayo, kuhlanganiswe nomthwalo ogxilile ekugcineni, ukuphila kokukhathala okuthwalayo kuzoncishiswa, futhi ngokungathí sina, kuyoba imbangela yokulimala kwekheji kanye ne-sintering. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-deformation yegobolondo ngenxa yomthwalo wangaphandle ayinkulu. Kuyadingeka ukusekela ngokugcwele ukuqina kokuthwala. Ukuphakama kokuqina, kuba ngcono umsindo nokusatshalaliswa komthwalo wokuthwala.

Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, ukuguqulwa komshini wokuguqula noma ukucubungula umshini wokunemba kungaba. Kodwa-ke, ezikhathini ezinezidingo eziqinile zokuphela kokujikeleza nomsindo nezimo zomthwalo zinzima kakhulu, ukugaya kokugcina kuzosetshenziswa. Lapho ama-bearings angaphezu kwama-2 ehlelwe kuyo yonke indlu, izindawo zokukhwelana zezindlu kufanele zakhelwe ukuthi zenziwe ngomshini futhi zimbozwe. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, i-shaft, ukunemba kwezindlu kanye nokuqedwa kungaba njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula lesi-4 ngezansi. Ithebula 4 i-eksisi kanye nokunemba kwezindlu kanye nokuqedwa kwama-bearings - ukubekezelelwa kwe-roundedness yekilasi le-AXIS - isigaba 0, isigaba 6, isigaba 5, Ikilasi 4 IT3 ~ IT42 2IT3 ~ IT42 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT2 ~ IT42 2 ukubekezelelwa kwe-cylindricity, amakilasi 6 , isigaba 5, isigaba 4 IT3 ~ IT42 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 Ukubekezelela ukuphuma kwamahlombe - isigaba 0, isigaba 6, isigaba 5, isigaba 4 IT3IT3 IT3~IT4IT3 Indawo ehambelanayo yokuqedela I-Rmax encane ene-bearing enkulu 3.2 S6. 3s 6.3 S12.5s.

Okubizwa ngokuthi imvume yangaphakathi ye-bearing ibhekisela enanini lokunyakaza lapho indandatho yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle ye-bearing ilungiswa ngaphambi kokuba i-bearing ifakwe ku-shaft noma ibhokisi lokuthwala, bese uhlangothi olungagxiliwe luhanjiswa ngendlela ye-radial noma i-axial. . Ngokwesiqondiso sokunyakaza, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-radial clearance kanye ne-axial clearance. Lapho ukala imvume yangaphakathi yebheringi, ukuze kugcinwe inani elilinganisiwe lizinzile, umthwalo wokuhlola ngokuvamile usetshenziswa eringini. Ngakho-ke, inani lokuhlola likhulu kunenani langempela lokuvunyelwa, okungukuthi, inani elengeziwe le-elastic deformation elibangelwa ukusebenzisa umthwalo wokuhlola. Inani langempela lokuthwala imvume yangaphakathi ikhonjiswe kuThebula 4.5. Ukwanda kokuvunyelwa okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic okungenhla kuyalungiswa. I-deformation elastic of roller bearings ayinaki. Ithebula 4.5 ukuze kuqedwe umthelela wokulungiswa komthwalo wokuhlolwa kwe-radial clearance (i-deep groove ball bearing) amayunithi: um imodeli enesisindo esilinganiselwe ububanzi d (mm) (N) ukulungiswa komthwalo wokuhlolwa kokungena ku-C2 C3 C4 C510 okuvamile (kuhlanganise) 18 24.549 147 3 ~ 4 4 ~ 5 6 ~ 8 45 8 4 6 9 Ephreli 9 Ephreli 6 92.2 ukukhethwa kwe-bearing clearance ephethe imvume yokugijima, ngenxa yokulingana kanye nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa ngezizathu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ngokuvamile zincane kunemvume yokuqala. Imvume yokusebenza ihlobene eduze nempilo yokuthwala, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza nomsindo, ngakho-ke kufanele isethelwe esimweni esifanele.

Uma sikhuluma ngokwethiyori, lapho i-bearing isebenza, nemvume yokugijima engalungile, impilo yokuthwala iphezulu. Kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukugcina le mvume elungile. Ngokushintsha kwezimo zesevisi, ukucaciswa okungalungile kokuthwala kuzokhula ngokuhambisanayo, okuzoholela ekwehleni okuphawulekayo kokuphila kokuthwala noma isizukulwane sokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukucaciswa kokuqala kwe-bheri ngokuvamile kuhlelwa ukuthi kube kukhulu kunoziro. I-FIG. 2 Ukwehluka kwe-bearing radial clearance 2.3 Imibandela yokukhetha ye-Bearing clearance Ngokwethiyori, ukuphila kokuthwala kuyenziwa kube nkulu uma kukhona imvume yokusebenza engemihle kancane ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziphephile. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina lesi simo esihle kakhulu. Uma izimo ezithile zesevisi zishintsha, imvume engalungile izokwanda, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kokuthwala impilo noma ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho imvume yokuqala ikhethwa ngokuvamile, imvume yokusebenza iyadingeka ukuba ibe nkulu kancane kunoziro.

Ukuze uthole ama-bearings ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukuhlanganiswa kwemithwalo evamile kuzokwamukelwa. Lapho isivinini kanye nezinga lokushisa kuyinto evamile, imvume evamile ehambisanayo kufanele ikhethwe ukuze kutholwe imvume yokusebenza efanele. Ithebula lesi-6 imvume evamile kakhulu ngokwesibonelo kusetshenziswa izimo ezisebenzayo imvume yesehlakalo ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo, umthwalo oshayisayo, ukuphazamiseka nenani elikhulu le-asi yesitimela i-axle C3 isikrini esidlidlizayo i-C3 ne-C4 ayikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo oqonde ngqo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesiyingi sikagandaganda we-C4 sebenzisa i-static umshini wesitimela wokudonsa imoto, isinciphisi noma i-C4 ethwele umshini wephepha wokushisa wendandatho yangaphakathi, umshini wokomisa i-C3 kanye ne-C4 mill roller kun C3 ukunciphisa ukudlidliza nomsindo wokulungiswa kokucaciswa kwe-micro-motor C2 nokulawula ukudlidliza kwe-shaft spindle ye-NTN (irola eyi-cylindrical ephindwe kabili). ukuzala) C9NA, C0NA.